Fluid dispensing apparatus and method

ABSTRACT

A fluid dispenser contains and dispenses metered amounts of fluid, and in some embodiments comprises a reservoir for containing fluid; a chamber positioned substantially within the reservoir for containing a quantity of fluid; and a piston moveable within the chamber in a first direction to draw fluid into the chamber from the reservoir, and movable in a second direction to discharge a metered amount of fluid from the chamber. A user-manipulatable control can be coupled to the piston to move the piston with respect to the chamber, and in some cases to select the desired metered amount of fluid to be dispensed. Also, a pawl can be used to selectively permit and inhibit movement of the piston in the first and/or second directions to prevent partial doses from being dispensed from the fluid dispenser.

BACKGROUND

A number of apparatuses exist for dispensing fluid in variousquantities. Such fluid dispensers can dispense fluid of any type, suchas cleaning chemicals, floor and other surface treatment fluids,comestible fluids, body sprays, oils, coolants, and other automotive,heat exchange, and/or lubricant fluids, chemical additives, paint,colorants, and the like. Also, many of these dispensers are portable,thereby enabling a user to transport such dispensers to differentdesired locations for fluid dispense. In some cases, the dispensers areused to dispense a quantity of fluid onto a surface, such as a surfaceto be cleaned or treated, whereas some dispensers can instead be used todispense a quantity of fluid into a fluid container (e.g., bottle, sink,bucket, tank, and the like). To this end, such dispensers can include afluid reservoir for carrying fluid to be dispensed, or can be connectedto and receive fluid from a fluid reservoir through one or more hoses orother conduits.

In many applications, it is important for a fluid dispenser to dispensea metered or otherwise known dose of fluid when actuated. Suchapplications include the dispense of hazardous chemicals, and the use ofpredetermined fluid amounts for proper mixing ratios with one or moreother fluids, including diluents.

It is also often desirable to control or prevent the ability of a userto refill a container of the fluid dispenser, or the ability to replacea fluid reservoir of the fluid dispenser with another fluid reservoir.For example, there are many existing products that use a connectingdevice that is non-removably attached to a fluid reservoir. The abilityto use a fluid dispenser with products or chemicals for which it was notproduced or designed is not always advantageous or desirable. In thisregard, the use of a fluid dispenser with the wrong product can cause anumber of problems, including dispenser leakage, failure, improperdispense amount, and even property damage and user injury as a result ofincorrect dispense. Container refill control or prevention can reducethe risk of user contact with hazardous fluids dispensed by the fluiddispenser and/or retained in a fluid reservoir thereof, can prevent auser from using a fluid dispenser to dispense a fluid for which thefluid dispenser is not adapted or suitable, and can reduce the potentialof health, safety, and/or other liability risks when a user uses oneparty's fluid dispenser to dispense fluid obtained from another party.

In light of the rapidly-developing uses and applications of fluiddispensers, it will be appreciated that fluid dispensers that areportable, are capable of dispensing two or more different amounts offluid, prevent incorrect fluid dispense amounts, are resistant torefilling efforts, and/or are adapted to reduce opportunities for humancontact with the fluid are welcome to the industry.

SUMMARY

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a fluid dispenser forcontaining and dispensing metered amounts of fluid, wherein the fluiddispenser comprises a reservoir for containing fluid; a chamberpositioned substantially within the reservoir for containing a quantityof the fluid; a piston moveable within the chamber to draw fluid intothe chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction with respectto the chamber, and to discharge fluid from the chamber when the pistonis moved in a second direction opposite the first direction; auser-manipulatable control coupled to the piston and movable to move thepiston with respect to the chamber; and a pawl movable with respect tothe piston to selectively permit and inhibit movement of the piston inat least one of the first and second directions.

In some embodiments, a fluid dispenser for containing and dispensingfluid and for refill from a source of fluid is provided, and comprises areservoir for containing fluid; a chamber positioned substantiallywithin the reservoir for containing a quantity of the fluid; a pistonmoveable within the chamber to draw fluid into the chamber when thepiston is moved in a first direction with respect to the chamber, and todischarge fluid from the chamber when the piston is moved in a seconddirection opposite the first direction; a user-manipulatable controloperable to move the piston within the chamber; a cap coupled to thereservoir and defining a vent establishing fluid communication betweenan interior and exterior of the reservoir; a valve for selective fluidcommunication between an interior of the reservoir and the source offluid, the valve having an open position to permit fluid flowtherethrough, and a closed position to inhibit fluid flow therethrough;and a plug coupled to the cap and insertable into the vent toselectively close the vent responsive to movement of the valve.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a method of dispensingfluid from a reservoir in metered quantities, wherein the methodcomprises selecting a desired quantity of fluid to be dispensed from thereservoir from a plurality of quantities; moving a user-manipulatablecontrol to a first of a plurality of positions; moving a piston in afirst direction with respect to a chamber for a first distancecorresponding to the desired quantity of fluid; drawing fluid into thechamber by moving the piston in the first direction for the firstdistance; resisting movement of the piston in a second directionopposite the first direction prior to the first distance being reached;moving the piston with respect to the chamber in the second direction;and dispensing the desired quantity of fluid from the chamber by movingthe piston in the second direction.

Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration ofthe detailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fluid dispenser according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser illustrated inFIG. 1, shown with a piston of the pump removed.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of the fluid dispenserillustrated in FIG. 1, shown with the pump of the apparatus in a firstposition.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the portion of the fluiddispenser shown in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a fluid dispenser according to anotherembodiment of the present invention, shown disconnected from a bottle.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the fluid dispenser shown in FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a top view of the fluid dispenser of FIGS. 5 and 6 in a firstposition.

FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser of FIGS. 5-7,shown along line 7A-7A of FIG. 7.

FIG. 8 is a top view of the fluid dispenser of FIGS. 5 and 6 in a secondposition.

FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser of FIGS. 5-8,shown along line 8A-8A of FIG. 8.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a fluid dispenser according to anotherembodiment of the present invention, shown disconnected from a bottle.

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the fluid dispenser shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a top detail view of the fluid dispenser illustrated in FIGS.9 and 10.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are perspective views of a portion of the fluiddispenser shown in FIGS. 9-11.

FIGS. 12A and 13A are cross-section views of the portion of the fluiddispenser shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser illustrated inFIGS. 9-13A, shown with the pump in a first position.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser illustrated inFIGS. 9-13A, shown with the pump in a second position.

FIGS. 16-16F are cross-sectional views of part of the fluid dispenserillustrated in FIGS. 9-15B, shown in various positions.

FIGS. 17-17B are cross-sectional detail views of another fluid dispenseraccording to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a fluid dispenser with a refill portaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 19 and 20 are perspective views of the refill port shown in FIG.18.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a fluid dispenser according to yetanother embodiment of the present invention, shown in a first positionconnected to a refill pouch.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the fluid dispenser illustrated in FIG.21, shown in a second position.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a portion of the fluid dispenserillustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22.

FIG. 24 is another perspective view of a portion of the fluid dispenserillustrated in FIGS. 21-23.

FIG. 25 is a bottom perspective view of a portion of the fluid dispenserillustrated in FIGS. 21-24, shown coupled to the refill pouch.

FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid dispenser shown in FIGS.21-25, taken along line 26-26 of FIG. 21.

FIG. 27 is a side view of the piston shown in the embodiment of FIGS.21-26.

FIG. 28 is another side view of the piston shown in the embodiment ofFIGS. 21-26.

FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view of a fluid dispenser accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the piston shown in FIG. 29.

FIG. 31 is a top view of the fluid dispenser shown in FIGS. 29 and 30.

FIG. 32 is a cross sectional view of the fluid dispenser shown in FIGS.29-31, taken along line 32-32 FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 is a detail view of a portion of FIG. 32.

FIG. 34 is a side view of a fluid dispenser having a refill portaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a side view of the dispenser of FIG. 34, shown with therefill port in a closed position.

FIG. 36 is a side view of a fluid dispenser having a refill portaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 37A and 37B are perspective views of a pawl assembly according toan embodiment of the present invention, shown in first and secondpositions, respectively.

FIGS. 38A-38C are side views of the pawl assembly of FIGS. 37A and 37B,shown in different positions in response to movement of the pawl in afirst direction.

FIGS. 39A-39C are side views of the pawl assembly of FIGS. 37A-38C,shown in different positions in response to further movement of the pawlin the first direction.

FIGS. 40A-40C are side views of the pawl assembly of FIGS. 37A-39C,shown in different positions in response to movement of the pawl in asecond direction opposite the first direction.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view of a pawl assembly according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a perspective view of a portion of the pawl assembly of FIG.41, showing a direction change of the pawl assembly.

FIGS. 43A-43D are side views of the pawl assembly of FIGS. 41 and 42,shown with a ratchet moving with respect to a housing of the ball.

FIG. 44 is a side view of the pawl assembly of FIGS. 41-43D in aposition to prevent reverse movement.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments of the invention are explained in detail, it isto be understood that the invention is not limited in its application tothe details of construction and the arrangement of components set forthin the following description or illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to beunderstood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for thepurpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The useof “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof hereinis meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalentsthereof as well as additional items. Unless specified or limitedotherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled”and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct andindirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further,“connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanicalconnections or couplings.

FIG. 1 illustrates a fluid dispenser 10 according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. The fluid dispenser 10 includes a bottle 15 and apump 20 having a piston 35. In some embodiments, the fluid dispensingapparatus 10 also includes a handle 25 and/or a spout 30 of any formdesired, such as those shown by way of example in FIGS. 1-4. Theillustrated fluid dispenser of FIG. 1 also includes a user-manipulatablecontrol 40 for selecting an amount of fluid to be dispensed uponactuation of the piston 35. Although other embodiments of the presentinvention need not necessarily have a user-manipulatable control 40,such a control increases the flexibility of the fluid dispenser 10, aswill be described in greater detail below.

As with the other fluid dispensers 10 illustrated in the figures, thefluid dispenser 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is portable, and is intendedto be movable from location to location as needed for dispensing fluidat such locations. The fluid dispenser 10 can also be mounted in a wallrack or refilling station to prevent misplacement or theft, and/or toprovide a central identified and controlled location for dispensingoperations. The dispenser 10 can have any of the features of thedispensers described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,486, U.S. Pat. No.5,908,143, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,568,438, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference insofar as they relate to fluiddispensers, fluid dispenser components, and manners in which fluiddispensers can be mounted.

The fluid dispenser 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is operable to drawfluid from within the bottle 15 by actuating the piston 35 of the pump20 in a first direction, and to dispense a particular quantity of thefluid (i.e., a predetermined, metered, or dosed amount) through thespout 30 by actuating the piston 35 in a second direction. Any type offluid can be retained within and dispensed from the fluid dispenser 10,such as cleaning chemicals, disinfectants, floor and other surfacetreatment fluids, comestible fluids, body sprays, oils, coolants, andother automotive, heat exchange, and/or lubricant fluids, chemicaladditives, paint, colorants, and the like.

In many applications, access to the interior of the bottle 15 (whetherfor purposes of refilling the bottle 15 or access to fluid therein) isundesirable. Also, in many applications, the ability to remove andreplace the bottle 15 with another bottle of the same or different typeis undesirable. In practice, the pump 20 can have a limited life and cantherefore eventually fail; by designing the pump 20 with a life of theusage of the bottle 15 plus a safety margin, it is possible to preventpotential hazards and user frustration of the pump 20 failing in use.Therefore, in some embodiments, the pump 20 is non-removably connectedto the bottle 15. This connection is fluid-tight in some embodiments,and can be established in a number of different manners, such as byspin-welding, vibration welding, or welding in any other manner,adhesive or cohesive bonding material, a non-releasable mechanicalconnection such as a toothed, swaged, or non-reversible threaded lockingengagement, or a combination of these and other types of non-releasableconnections. Any of these and other types of non-releasable connectionsbetween the pump 20 and the bottle 15 are possible, and can be definedbetween a portion of the bottle 15 (e.g., a neck, peripheral lip, orother fitting or feature adjacent or defining an opening of the bottle15) and a portion of the pump 20 (e.g., a cap, cover, tube, shunt, orother fitting or feature of the pump 20). By way of example only, thenon-releasable fitting illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is described andillustrated in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,772,914, which is incorporatedherein by reference for its teachings of bottle-to-pump connections andconnection methods. In this regard, the illustrated cap 12 with internalthreads 14 is threaded upon a neck 16 of the bottle 15 having externalthreads 18 (although the internal/external locations of the threads 14,18 can be reversed in other embodiments). In the illustrated embodiment,the cap 12 is received within a portion of a pump body 22, and can spinrelative to the pump body 22 and bottle 15 in order to tighten the cap12 thereon. In other embodiments, the pump 20 is releasably connected tothe bottle 15 in any manner, such as by a fluid-tight reversiblethreaded connection, snap-fit connection, and the like.

The bottle 15 and pump 20 (and pump components, described in greaterdetail below) can be made from any resilient material or combination ofmaterials, such as plastic, elastomer, fiberglass, composite material,aluminum, steel or other metal, and the like. Also, the bottle 15 andpump 20 can be formed by injection molding, blow molding, rotationalmolding, casting, machining, stamping, or other suitable manufacturingprocesses. In some embodiments, the material(s) are selected to belight-weight and/or resistant to corrosion from exposure to the types offluid(s) to be retained in and dispensed from the dispenser 10. Thebottle 15 can have any shape desired, and in some embodiments is shapedto permit the bottle 15 to stand substantially upright on a horizontalsurface. By way of example only, the illustrated bottle 15 is generallycuboid in shape, and has bulbs at each of four bottom corners. However,other shapes, materials and configurations of bottles can instead beused as desired. In other, non-illustrated embodiments, the bottle 15 isreplaced with a bag-in-box arrangement, such that a bag, pouch or otherflexible container contains the fluid and is at least partiallycontained within a box or other container that can provide structuralsupport for the bag. Bag-in-box arrangements are well known in the art,and are therefore not described in greater detail herein.

As described above, the dispenser 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 includes ahandle 25 that allows the user to lift or hold the dispenser 10. Theillustrated handle 25 extends generally radially outward from the pump20, and includes an end portion that curves downward to inhibit a user'shand from sliding off the handle 25 while lifting or carrying thedispenser 10. However, in other embodiments, the handle 25 can have anyother shape desired, including a hook, loop, or other curved shape, asubstantially flat shape extending at any angle with respect to the pump20, and the like. Some alternative handle embodiments are illustrated inFIGS. 23-26 and 29-32, all of which (including that shown in FIGS. 1-4)can be used with any of the fluid dispenser embodiments described and/orillustrated herein. The handle 25 can be included as an integral part ofthe pump 20, such as being integral with the pump body 22.Alternatively, the handle 25 can be a separate part permanently orreleasably attached to the pump 20 (e.g., to the pump body 22) in anymanner, such as by welding, soldering, or brazing, by adhesive orcohesive bonding material, by one or more screws, nails, pins, clasps,posts, clamps, or other fasteners, by inter-engaging elements on thehandle 25 and the pump 20 (e.g., threaded connections, inter-engagingfingers, snap feature, or other mating parts), and the like. In othernon-illustrated embodiments, the handle 25 is defined by or connected tothe bottle 15, or is defined by or connected to both the bottle and thepump 20.

With continued reference to the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, thespout 30 extends radially away from the pump 20, and is shaped to extendin a generally downward direction. Like the handle 25, the spout 30 canbe formed integrally with the pump body 20, or can be a separatecomponent attached thereto in any suitable manner (including any of thehandle connection types described above). The spout 30 is in fluidcommunication with a conduit 45 that receives fluid from a pump chamber24 (described in greater detail below). The conduit 45 can have anylength and can extend in any direction suitable for performing thisfunction. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 for example, theconduit 45 extends from a bottom of the pump chamber 24 to the spout 30,whereas in other embodiments, the conduit 45 extends from any otherlocation along the pump chamber 24 to the spout 30. In some cases, apump conduit extending and connected to the bottom of the pump chamber24 can provide a greater degree of control regarding the quantity offluid dispensed upon actuation of the pump 20. The conduit 45 can bedefined by one or more tubes and fittings connected to the spout 30 andto a pump cylinder 85 at least partially defining the pump chamber 24,or can be entirely or partially defined by another part of the pump 20(e.g., a part of the pump cylinder 85).

The pump 20 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 includes anaperture 50 through which the piston 35 is received. The piston 35 ismovable with respect to the bottle 15 (e.g., movable into and out of thebottle 15) and is sealed with respect to the pump chamber 24 by a pistonseal 55 to ensure a leak-proof relationship between the piston 35 andthe pump cylinder 85 in which the piston 35 moves. Therefore, as thepiston 35 is moved in an upward direction in FIGS. 1-4, the piston seal55 generates a vacuum force within the pump cylinder 85, causing fluidfrom within the bottle 15 to be drawn into the pump cylinder 85 (e.g.,by a tube 42 or other conduit, in some embodiments). Also, as the piston35 is then moved in a downward direction in FIGS. 1-4, the piston seal55 generates an increased fluid pressure within the pump cylinder 85,causing fluid to be discharged from the pump cylinder 85 through theconduit 45 and spout 30. In some embodiments, the piston 35 is biasedoutward (i.e., upward in FIGS. 1-4) by a spring 60 or other biasingelement. In the illustrated embodiment, a coil spring 60 is provided tobias the piston 35 outward from the bottle 15. In other embodiments,opposite ends of a coil spring can be attached to the top of the pumpcylinder and to the bottom of the piston 35 in order to provide asimilar biasing force. In still other embodiments, a sealed andpressurized chamber can be positioned to exert a biasing force upon thepiston 35 to perform the same function. Alternatively, no such spring orother biasing device is used to bias the piston 35, in which cases thepiston 35 can be moved outwardly by a user.

In some embodiments, the amount of fluid dispensed by actuation of thepump (i.e., by movement of the piston 35) depends at least in part uponthe amount of movement of the piston 35. For example, to dispense alarger or smaller amount of fluid from the dispensing chamber 24 in theillustrated embodiments of FIGS. 1-4, the piston 35 is moved upward anddownward a larger or smaller amount, respectively. Accordingly, theamount of fluid can be controlled by limiting or otherwise controllingthe amount of movement of the piston 35 with respect to the pumpcylinder 85. This function can be performed by a movable connectionbetween the piston 35 and one or more other parts of the pump 20. Insome embodiments, this movable connection includes one or moreprotrusions (e.g., pins, posts, bumps, walls, and the like) of thepiston 35 movable along one or more apertures (e.g., grooves, slots,channels, elongated recesses, and the like) on an adjacent portion ofthe pump 20. In some embodiments, this movable connection also orinstead includes one or more apertures (e.g., grooves, slots, channels,elongated recesses, and the like) of the piston 35 in which move one ormore protrusions (e.g., pins, posts, bumps, walls, and the like) of anadjacent portion of the pump 20.

For example, and with reference again to the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS. 1-4, the piston 35 is provided with two axially-extendingapertures 62, 63 in which travels a protrusion 61 located on an adjacentportion of the pump 20. In this embodiment, the protrusion 61 is locatedon a collar 26 surrounding the piston 35. The collar 26 is integrallyformed with the pump body 22 or is a separate part connected thereto inany suitable manner. In other embodiments, the protrusion 61 is locatedon another part of the pump 20 adjacent the piston 35 (e.g., extendingfrom a wall that does not necessarily circumscribe the piston, fromanother internal surface of the aperture 50, and the like). Theprotrusion 61 illustrated in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 is located on aflexible portion of the pump body 22 in order to enable easy assembly ofthe piston 35 into the rest of the pump 20. In particular, the collar 26includes two apertures 28 (see FIG. 3) defining therebetween acantilever from which the protrusion 61 extends. Alternatively, theprotrusion 61 can extend from any other semi-flexible portion of thepump body 22 for this purpose.

The protrusion 61 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 is positioned to engageand run within the axially-extending apertures 62, 63 of the piston 35.The first aperture 62 permits the piston 35 to move a first distancedetermined at least in part by the movement of the first aperture 62with respect to the protrusion 61. The second aperture 63 permits thepiston 35 to move a second distance determined at least in part by themovement of the second aperture 63 with respect to the protrusion 61.The second distance is greater than the first distance, due to the factthat the second aperture 63 is longer than the first aperture 62. Eachaperture 62, 63 has at least one lower limit or stop at which theprotrusion 61 prevents further withdrawal of the piston 35. In someembodiments, either or both of the apertures 62, 63 has an upper limitor stop which prevents further depression of the piston 35.

As best shown in FIG. 3, the piston 35 of the pump 20 is rotatable aboutits own axis 32, and can therefore be twisted by a user to differentcircumferential positions with respect to the rest of the pump 20 (e.g.,the collar 26, the pump body 22, and the pump cylinder 85). In thismanner, the positional relationship between the first and secondapertures 62, 63 and the protrusion 61 can be changed to enable theprotrusion 61 to be aligned or substantially aligned with a desired oneof the apertures 62, 63. This alignment can take place at one or morelocations along the piston 35, such as at the top of the piston 35illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 where the two apertures 62, 63 meet.

In some embodiments, one or more of the apertures 62, 63 of the piston35 has a portion 36 in which the piston 35 is blocked from movement in adispensing direction (i.e., in a downward direction in the illustratedembodiment of FIGS. 1-4). The piston 35 can be rotated to a position inwhich the protrusion 61 is located in this locking portion 36, andtherefore prevents the piston 35 from being moved to dispense fluid asdescribed above. In these and other embodiments, this locking portion 36is located to prevent movement of the piston 35 in a direction oppositethe dispensing direction (i.e., in an upward direction in theillustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4). The piston 35 can therefore berotated in such embodiments to a position in which the protrusion 61 islocated in this locking position, and therefore prevents the piston 35from being moved to draw fluid into the pump cylinder 85. This secondtype of locking portion 36 can be used for retaining the pump 20 in acompact state, such as during shipment or storage. Further, a convergingangle can be formed between the top sections of the apertures 62, 63,thereby causing the piston 35 to naturally turn to a central angularposition in the first section of pumping action such that protrusion 61becomes aligned with the locking portion 36 after each normal operationof the pump 20. This alignment leaves the pump 20 in a storage positionafter use, encourages the user to consciously select which dose size isrequired for each dispensing operation, and prevents the pump 20 fromrefilling to a primed level (after a dispense) that is not desired bythe user in the next dispensing operation.

A user can set the amount of fluid to be dispensed from the dispenser 10by twisting the piston 35 to a desired rotational setting correspondingto a protrusion and aperture positional relationship in which the piston35 will move the proper distance to dispense the amount of fluid. Insome embodiments, the pump 20 includes one or more indicators toindicate which circumferential positions of the piston 35 correspond towhich fluid dispense amounts (i.e., to a corresponding protrusion andaperture combination). These indicators can be non-alphanumeric (e.g.,symbols or graphics) and/or alphanumeric, and in some embodiments arelocated on the user-manipulatable control 40 of the piston 35 and/or onthe collar 26, spout 30, or pump body 22 adjacent the piston 35. Forexample, the user-manipulatable control 40 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4defines a knob having indicia 34 thereon. In some embodiments, theindicia 34 are representative of the type of container, receptacle,surface, or other location at which fluid is to be dispensed, and cantherefore be representative of the quantity of fluid recommended ortypically used for such applications and/or of the relative sizes offluid dispense for each rotational position of the piston 35. Forexample, the piston 35 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 has three indicia: afirst indicator in the form of a spray bottle corresponding to the firstaperture 62 of the piston 35, a second indicator in the form of a bucketcorresponding to the second aperture 63 of the piston 35, and a thirdindicator in the form of a padlock corresponding to the locking portion36 between the first and second apertures 62, 63.

The piston 35 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is rotated in a clockwisedirection to align the protrusion 61 with the first aperture 62. Thepiston 35 is rotated in the direction of counter-clockwise arrow A2 toalign the protrusion 61 with the second aperture 63, as shown in FIG. 3.

Since the rotational positions of the piston 35 for different types(i.e., amounts) of fluid dispense are determined at least in part by thelocations of the apertures 62, 63 of the piston 35, the circumferentiallocations of the indicia 34 will also be determined at least in part bythe locations of the apertures 62, 63.

The pump 20 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 is adapted to dispense twodifferent predetermined quantities of fluid based upon two differentrotational positions of the piston 35 (and therefore, based upon thepositional relationship of the protrusion 61 with respect to twodifferent piston apertures 62, 63). However, the piston 35 can have anynumber of different apertures 62, 63 of any number of different lengthscorresponding to different predetermined quantities of fluid dispensedupon actuation of the piston 35. Such apertures 62, 63 can be arrangedin any rotational positions desired, and can have any relative lengthsfor different predetermined quantities of fluid dispensed.

In some embodiments, the apertures 62, 63 of the piston 35 areintegrally formed with the piston 35, such as by being molded into, castwith, or machined into the piston 35. However, in other embodiments, theapertures 62, 63 are defined in a separate component 64 of the piston 35that can be permanently or releasably attached to the piston 35. In sucha manner, two or more different types of pistons 35 can be provided bysimply selecting and attaching the desired component 64, therebyproviding pistons 35 with different numbers of apertures, differentaperture lengths, and/or different aperture positions corresponding todifferent dispensing quantities and rotational positions of the piston35. The ability to change the piston 35 and resulting dispensingcharacteristics by selecting or replacing the piston component 64defining the apertures 62, 63 can significantly increase theadaptability of the fluid dispenser 10 to different fluids andapplications. It should be noted that in such embodiments, the part(s)of the pump 20 carrying the indicia 34 (e.g., the user-manipulatablecontrol 40 or other portion of the piston 35, the collar 26, and thelike) can be selected or replaced to correspond to the component 64selected or replaced.

One example of such a separate piston component 64 is a plate as shownin FIGS. 3 and 4. As indicated above, in some embodiments, a number ofdifferent plates can be interchangeable on the piston 35 to allow a userto select different combinations of fluid quantities to be dispensed forspecific chemicals and applications.

The pump 20 illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 has one protrusion 61 for ridingwith the apertures 62, 63 as described above. However, it should benoted that the piston 35 can have any number of additional protrusions61 movable into any other number of apertures 62, 63, in which case twoor more protrusions 61 can cooperate to define the amount of permittedmovement of the piston 35 in a manner similar to that described above.

It should also be noted that in some embodiments, only a single aperture62, 63 is provided to result in a fluid dispenser capable of dispensingonly a single shot size in a full stroke of the piston 35.

With continued reference to the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, thepump 20 has two one-way valves 37, 38. Each valve 37, 38 is a ballvalve, although a mitril valve, duck bill valve, umbrella valve, or anyother type of one-way valve can instead be used as desired. The firstvalve 37 prevents backflow of fluid from the fluid chamber 24 back intothe bottle 15 (e.g., when the pump 20 is actuated to dispense fluid fromthe fluid chamber 24), and can be connected to or seated upon a valveplate at least partially defining an end of the pump cylinder 85. Thesecond valve 38 prevents air from being drawn into the fluid chamber 24(e.g., when the pump 20 is actuated to draw fluid into the fluid chamber24 from the bottle 15), and can be connected to or seated upon the valveplate described above or can be located in the conduit 45 or spout 30,if desired.

FIGS. 5-8A illustrate another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 110according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispenser 10 described above in connection with FIGS. 1-4.Accordingly, the following description focuses primarily upon structureand features that are different than the embodiments described above inconnection with FIGS. 1-4. Reference should be made to the descriptionabove in connection with FIGS. 1-4 for additional information regardingthe structure and features, and possible alternatives to the structureand features of the fluid dispenser 110 illustrated in FIGS. 5-8A anddescribed below. Features and elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 5-8Acorresponding to features and elements in the embodiments describedabove in connection with of FIGS. 1-4 are numbered in the 100 series ofreference numbers.

As described above in connection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, insome embodiments, the movable connection between the piston 135 and anadjacent portion of the pump 120 includes one or more protrusions (e.g.,pins, posts, bumps, walls, and the like) of the piston 135 movable alongone or more apertures (e.g., grooves, slots, channels, elongatedrecesses, and the like) on an adjacent portion of the pump 120. Anexample of this protrusion and aperture arrangement is illustrated inFIGS. 5-8A. In such embodiments, one or more protrusions 165 of thepiston 135 extend radially outward from the piston 135, and are movablewithin apertures 175, 180 in an adjacent portion of the pump 120 as willbe described in greater detail below. For example, the piston 135illustrated in FIGS. 5-8A carries two protrusions 165 on opposite sidesof the piston 135 proximate the bottom of the piston 135. Theprotrusions 165 can be integrally formed with the piston 135, caninstead be separate elements connected to the piston 135 in any suitablemanner, including the manners of handle connection described above inconnection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. In those cases where theprotrusions 165 are separate elements connected to the piston 135, theprotrusions 165 can be individually connected to the piston 135 or canbe carried by a separate element (e.g., ring, collar, or other element)that is itself connected to the piston 135.

In some embodiments, the positions of one or more protrusions 165 can beselected as desired from two or more possible positions along or aboutthe piston 135, thereby enabling an assembler or user to adapt thepiston 135 to different amounts and types of piston movement. In yetother embodiments, as best illustrated in FIGS. 12A and 13A, theprotrusions 165 can be positioned on a separate component that ispositioned around the piston 135.

With reference now to FIG. 6, the illustrated pump 120 has an insert 170in which are defined the apertures 175, 180 for receiving theprotrusions 165. The insert 170 can be made from any of the materialsand in any of the manners described above in connection with the pumpand bottle materials and manufacturing manners. The insert 170 can bedefined by any number of pieces (i.e., a single piece or any number ofadditional pieces), and in the illustrated embodiment is defined by twopieces. The insert 170 can have any size and shape suitable for at leastpartially defining the apertures 175, 180, and in the illustratedembodiment is a two-piece sleeve in which two halves of the insert 170substantially surround the piston 135. The two pieces can be separate orjoined together in any suitable manner, including any of the manners ofhandle attachment described above in connection with the embodiment ofFIGS. 1-4.

In some embodiments, the insert 170 is secured from rotating freelywithin the pump cylinder 185. This can be accomplished by connecting theinsert 170 to the pump cylinder 185 in any of the manners describedabove regarding handle attachment in connection with the embodiment ofFIGS. 1-4. However, in some embodiments, it is desirable to remove andreplace the insert 170. Therefore, a connection manner permitting suchremoval and replacement can be used in such embodiments. For example,the insert 170 and piston cylinder 185 can have a keyed or other matingengagement to prevent relative rotation while still permitting insertremoval and replacement. The keyed or other mating engagement allowsflexibility and stock efficiency in assembling different versions orsizes of inserts 170 and piston cylinders 185. In the illustratedembodiment, protrusions 144 of the insert 170 are received withinapertures 146 of the pump cylinder 185, although the locations of theseprotrusions 144 and apertures 146 can be reversed, and the shapes andsizes of these protrusions 144 and apertures 146 can be changed whilestill performing the same function.

Each half of the illustrated insert 170 includes a respective one of theapertures 175, 180 extending axially alongside the piston 135. Theslot-like apertures 175, 180 receive the protrusions 165 as describedabove in order to guide the piston 135 along the insert 170. In a mannersimilar to the relationship between the protrusion 65 and apertures 62,63 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, the apertures 175, 180limit travel of the piston 135 within the piston chamber 124, therebydefining the amount of fluid dispensed by the pump 120 upon actuation.The apertures 175, 180 can be different lengths, such that a user canmove the piston 135 at least two different lengths along the insert 170based upon the rotational position of the piston 135. In someembodiments, the different lengths correspond to the differentquantities of fluid drawn into and discharged from the piston chamber124 when the piston 135 is actuated.

The pump cylinder 185 can be connected to a bottle (not shown in FIGS.5-8A) in any of the manners described above in connection with theillustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. In the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS. 5-8A, the pump cylinder 185 has a lip 190 near a top portion ofthe pump cylinder 185 for receiving the piston seal 155 and in someembodiments, a seal seat 195 of the insert 170. In this arrangement, thepiston 135 can move within the pump cylinder 185 to draw fluid thereinand to discharge fluid therefrom while retaining a fluid-tight sealbetween the stationary piston seal 155 and the moving piston 135.

By twisting the piston 135 to different rotational positions within theinsert 170 and pump cylinder 185, the protrusions 165 carried by thepiston 135 can move within a lower circumferentially-extending portionof each aperture 175, 180 until the protrusions 165 are aligned orsubstantially aligned with one of two axially-extending legs of eachaperture 175, 180 (the apertures 175, 180 being substantially U-shapedwith the legs of each U having different axially extending lengths). Thepiston 135 can then be pulled by a user and/or moved by a spring orother biasing element (as described above) to draw fluid within the pumpcylinder 185 until the protrusions 165 reach the top limit(s) or stop(s)of their aperture legs in which the protrusions 165 move. Thereafter,the piston 135 can be depressed to move the protrusions 165 back downtheir respective aperture legs to increase the fluid pressure within thepump chamber 124. In this manner, fluid is discharged from the pumpchamber 124 through a conduit connected to the pump cylinder 185 at ahigher elevation than the conduit 45 described above in connection withFIGS. 1-4. It will be appreciated that the conduit-to-pump cylinderconnection location can be anywhere along the pump cylinder 185 asdesired. As a result, fluid is dispensed through the spout 130 connectedto the conduit.

By virtue of its shape and location, the lowercircumferentially-extending portion of the apertures 175, 180 in theillustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5-8A prevents the piston 135 from beingraised with respect to the pump cylinder 185, thereby defining a lockedportion of the apertures 175, 180 and a locked state of the piston 135.It will be appreciated that one or more circumferentially-extendingportions of the aperture(s) 175, 180 can be located at any otherlocation along the length of the apertures 175, 180 to define differentlocked positions of the piston 135 relative to the pump cylinder 185. Inany of these locking positions of the apertures 175, 180, the apertures175, 180 can include one or more recesses or can otherwise be shaped tomaintain the protrusions 165 in place within such positions.

The piston 135 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 5-8A includes auser-manipulatable control 140 that can be integral with the piston 135or connected thereto in any suitable manner. The user-manipulatablecontrol 140 provides a location at which a user can grasp and twist thepiston 135 as described above, thereby selecting the differentdispensing amounts of the pump 120. Also, the user-manipulatable control140 provides a location for indicia 134, as described above inconnection with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. The embodiment of FIGS.5-8A also provide an example of how fluid dispense indicia 134 can belocated elsewhere on the pump 120 (e.g., on the user-manipulatablecontrol 140, as best shown in FIGS. 7 and 8).

Like the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, the piston 135 can havetwo or more different rotational positions corresponding to thedispensing of at least two different quantities of fluid desired, and insome embodiments also including a locked position. In the illustratedembodiment, a first rotational position of the piston 135 is forrefilling a spray bottle, a second rotational position is for refillinga bucket or sink, and a third rotational position is for locking thepiston 135 into a fully depressed axial position.

More specifically, and with reference to FIGS. 7-8A, the firstrotational position P1 of the piston 135 can correspond with a firstshorter leg of each U-shaped aperture 175, 180, while the secondposition P2 of the piston 135 can correspond with a longer second leg ofeach U-shaped aperture 175, 180. When the piston 135 has been rotated topermit the protrusions 165 to move within the first leg of each aperture175, 180, a smaller amount L1 of piston travel is permitted than whenthe piston 135 has been rotated to permit the protrusion 165 to move agreater amount L2 within the longer second legs of each aperture 175,180.

FIGS. 7 and 7A illustrate the piston 135 in the first rotationalposition P1 and moved upward in the insert 170 and pump cylinder 185 bythe first length L1. A first quantity of fluid fills the volume of thepump chamber 124 previously occupied by the piston 135. FIGS. 8 and 8Ashow the piston 135 in the second rotational position P2 and movedupward in the insert 170 and pump cylinder 185 by the second length L2.As shown in FIGS. 7A and 8A, L2 is greater than L1. A second quantity offluid fills the volume of the pump chamber 124 previously occupied bythe piston 135. The first and second lengths L1, L2 can be determinedduring the manufacturing process or by a user (e.g., by removing andreplacing the insert 170 as described below). The piston 135 can also berotated to a third position (corresponding to the lock-shaped indicia onthe user-manipulatable control 140) in which the piston 135 is fixed inaxial position with respect to the insert 170 and the pump cylinder 185.

As described above, in some embodiments, the insert 170 can be removedand replaced. This capability enables a user or a manufacturer toinstall an insert 170 having a different number of apertures 175, 180, adifferent arrangement of apertures 175, 180, and different types ofapertures 175, 180 (e.g., apertures having different lengths, shapes,and the like) for adapting the same pump to dispense differentpredetermined amounts of fluids and/or different combinations of suchpredetermined fluid amounts. Although this capability adds significantadaptability to the dispenser 110, in some embodiments the apertures175, 180 are instead defined within the pump cylinder 185.

FIGS. 9-17B illustrate another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 210according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110 described above in connection with FIGS.1-8A. Accordingly, the following description focuses primarily uponstructure and features that are different than the embodiments describedabove in connection with FIGS. 1-8A. Reference should be made to thedescription above in connection with 1-8A for additional informationregarding the structure and features, and possible alternatives to thestructure and features of the dispenser 210 illustrated in FIGS. 9-17Band described below. Features and elements in the embodiment of FIGS.9-17B corresponding to features and elements in the embodimentsdescribed above in connection with of FIGS. 1-8A are numbered in the 200series of reference numbers.

In some embodiments, the quantity of fluid dispensed by the pump 220 canbe changed without requiring rotation of the piston 235. In this regard,this change can be made by moving an element of the pump 220 withrespect to the piston 235, thereby changing the manner in which thepiston 235 moves and/or the range of motion of the piston 235. By way ofexample only, the pump 220 illustrated in FIGS. 9-17B includes auser-manipulatable control 240 that can be moved by a user to change themanner in which the control 240 is engaged with the piston 235. Morespecifically, the control 240 includes two protrusions 265 that aremovable into and out of apertures 275, 280 in the piston 235. In a firstposition P4 of the control 240, a first protrusion 265 is receivedwithin a first aperture 275 while a second protrusion 265 is disengagedfrom a second aperture 280. In a second position P5 of the control 240is disposed radially from the first position P4 (e.g., by sliding thecontrol or manipulating the control of FIGS. 9-11 in any other manner),the first protrusion 265 is disengaged from the first aperture 275,while the second protrusion 265 is engaged within the second aperture280. The apertures 275, 280 can take any of the forms and shapes, andcan be positioned in any of the manners as described above in connectionwith the apertures 62, 63 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, orapertures 162, 163 in the embodiment of FIGS. 5-8A.

Accordingly, when the control 240 is in the first position P4, thepiston 235 is movable a first length L4, whereas when the control 240 isin the second position P5, the piston 235 is movable a longer secondlength L5. Indicia 234 can be provided on or adjacent the control 240 toenable a user to identify the position of the control 240 and thecorresponding operational state of the pump 220.

In some embodiments, it is desirable to prevent partial actuation of thepump 220, such as partial withdrawal of the piston 235 and/or partialdepression of the piston 235 followed by reversal of piston movement.The pump 220 illustrated in FIGS. 9-17B and the alternative pumpcomponents illustrated in FIGS. 17-17B (described below) provideexamples of pump features preventing or inhibiting such partialactuation.

The pump 220 illustrated in FIGS. 9-17B includes a piston 235 having aratchet mechanism 267. The illustrated ratchet mechanism 267 includes anumber of radially outwardly extending teeth 272 on the piston 235. Insome embodiments, there are one or more locations along the length ofthe piston 235 where the piston 235 has a reduced diameter and no teeth.These portions can correspond with the different positions of theuser-manipulatable control 240 described above. The ratchet mechanism267 can also include a pawl 277 having one or more shims 278 extendingradially inward to engage the teeth 272 of the piston 235 as the piston235 is moved past the pawl 277. In some embodiments, the pawl 277 issecured in place with respect to the piston 235 and the rest of the pump220. Also in some embodiments, the pawl 277 is an annular element withone or more shims 278 positioned for such engagement, although any otherelement having one or more shims positioned for such engagement ispossible, and falls within the spirit and scope of the presentinvention. The shims 278 are operable to engage the teeth 272, such thatthe shims 278 deflect in response to contact with the teeth 2725. Theshims 278 can be made from a flexible and resilient polymer or otherflexible and resilient material, and are dimensioned to be received inan undeflected or substantially undeflected state within the toothlessportions of the piston 235 when aligned with such portions.

FIGS. 16-16F and 17-17B illustrate various phases of moving the toothedpiston 235 past the pawl 277. The teeth 272 carried by the piston 235(see FIGS. 16-16F) face in opposite directions, such that the teeth 272Aon one side of the piston 235 are angled upward, while the teeth 272B onanother side of the piston 235 are angled downward. The teeth 272 ofFIGS. 17-17B are all angled downward. The embodiments of FIGS. 16-16Fand 17-17B are given by way of example only. It will be appreciated thatother arrangements and configurations of teeth 272 are possible, and areconsidered to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

When the piston 235 has moved to axial locations at which the shims 278of the pawl 277 are aligned or substantially aligned with the toothlessreduced-diameter portions of the piston 235, the shims 278 return to anunflexed or substantially unflexed state as shown in FIGS. 16, 16A, 16Eand 17A. However, as the piston 235 (and ratchet mechanism 267) ispulled past the toothless reduced-diameter portions, the shims 278 aredeflected by contact with the teeth 272, as shown in 16B-16D and 17. Thepiston 235 (and ratchet mechanism 267) can continue to be pulled untilthe shims 278 are released from deflection from the teeth 272 and areallowed to extend into another toothless reduced-diameter portion of thepiston 235. Therefore, if a user pushes the ratchet mechanism 267 backinto the cylinders 270, 285 before the shims 278 are released fromdeflection (i.e., before the piston 235 has been moved sufficiently to aposition corresponding to alignment of the shims 278 with anothertoothless reduced-diameter portion of the piston 235), the shims 278will be held in place by the teeth 272A, 272B and will resist suchmovement. Therefore, the teeth 272 inhibit partial quantities of fluidfrom being dispensed from the fluid dispenser 210. However, after theshims 278 are released from deflection in one of the toothlessreduced-diameter portions of the piston 235, the direction of movementof the ratchet mechanism 267 can be reversed, thus deflecting the shims278 against the teeth 272 in an opposite direction as shown in FIGS. 16Fand 17B.

By virtue of the oppositely-directed teeth 272A, 272B carried by thepiston 235 shown in FIGS. 16-16F, the above-described piston-limitingmovement occurs in both directions of piston movement (i.e., fluid drawand fluid discharge). However, it will be appreciated that teeth can beselected to point in only one direction to limit such piston movement inonly one direction of piston movement (i.e., fluid draw or fluiddischarge). An example of such an embodiment is illustrated in FIGS.17-17B.

In each of the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-17B, the piston 235 ofthe illustrated pump 20, 120, 220 is actuated while the pump cylinder85, 185, 285 remains stationary with respect to the bottle 15, 115, 215.This relationship between the piston 35, 135, 235, pump cylinder 85,185, 285, and bottle 15, 115, 215 can present significant advantages dueto the fact that the fluid dispenser 10, 110, 210 can be positioned on ashelf, floor, or other surface and can remain stationary while thepiston 35, 135, 235 is actuated and that the dispenser 10, 110, 210 canalso remain stationary relative to the spray bottle, bucket, sink orother receptacle being dosed, thereby enabling greater ergonomics,safety and fluid dispensing accuracy.

FIGS. 18-20 illustrate another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 310according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110, 210 described above in connection withFIGS. 1-17B. Accordingly, the following description focuses primarilyupon structure and features that are different than the embodimentsdescribed above in connection with FIGS. 1-17B. Reference should be madeto the description above in connection with FIGS. 1-17B for additionalinformation regarding the structure and features, and possiblealternatives to the structure and features of the fluid dispenser 310illustrated in FIGS. 18-20 and described below. Features and elements inthe embodiment of FIGS. 18-20 corresponding to features and elements inthe embodiments described above in connection with of FIGS. 1-17B arenumbered in the 300 series of reference numbers.

The fluid dispenser 310 illustrated in FIGS. 18-20 includes a pump 320,a spout 330, a cap 312 coupled to a pump body 322 and a bottle 315, anda handle 325 coupled to the pump 320 and the spout 330. The fluiddispenser 310 can also include a user-manipulatable control 340including indicia 334 indicating a dose size or a position of a piston(not visible in FIGS. 18-20). In some embodiments, a puncture lockrefill port can be used to allow a user to refill the fluid dispenser310 any number of times. A puncture lock refill port according to anembodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 18-20, andis indicated generally at 348.

The puncture lock refill port 348 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS.18-20 is located on a hollow shaft 368 of the pump 320. FIG. 18 showsthe puncture lock refill port 348 installed on the fluid dispenser 310by inserting the puncture lock refill port 348 on the protruding shaft368. In other embodiments, the puncture lock refill port 348 can becoupled to any portion of the fluid dispenser 310, such as on the cap312, on the pump body 322, or on the bottle 315. The puncture lockrefill port 348 can be utilized with any of the other fluid dispenserembodiments described and/or illustrated herein. Installation of thepuncture lock refill port 348 on the fluid dispenser 310 can occurduring manufacturing of the fluid dispenser 310, after the fluiddispenser 310 is manufactured but prior to commercial sale and/or use ofthe fluid dispenser 310, or during commercial use of the fluid dispenser310.

The puncture lock refill port 348 illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20includes a sharp point 352 operable to puncture through a portion of thefluid dispenser 310, such as a seal located on the bottle 315 or on thepump body 322. The illustrated puncture lock refill port 348 includesthreads 351 that can be self-tapping into the fluid dispenser 310 tosecure the puncture lock refill port 348 to the fluid dispenser 310 andto drive the puncture action. However, in other embodiments, suchthreads are not used, in which cases the puncture lock refill port 348can be retained in a secured position on the fluid dispenser 310 bycrimping, snapping into a toothed feature, or in any other suitablemanner.

The puncture lock refill port 348 illustrated in FIGS. 19 and 20 furtherincludes a plurality of teeth 353 operable to engage the fluid dispenser310 to prevent removal of the puncture lock refill port 348 from thefluid dispenser 310 once installed. The illustrated puncture lock refillport 348 further includes a seal, such as an o-ring seal 354 tosealingly engage a tube or conduit inserted into the puncture lockrefill port 348 to refill the fluid dispenser 310. The puncture lockrefill port 348 can also have an internal valve (e.g., ball valve,internal biased flap, and the like) operable to inhibit fluid flow backout of the fluid dispenser 310 when no conduit or tube is inserted intothe port 348, while still allowing fluid flow therethrough when a tubeor conduit is inserted into the port 348. In some embodiments, thepuncture lock refill port 48 is operable to inhibit leakage, even if thefluid dispenser 310 is tipped over.

FIGS. 21-28 illustrate another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 410according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110, 210, 310 described above in connectionwith FIGS. 1-20. Accordingly, the following description focusesprimarily upon structure and features that are different than theembodiments described above in connection with FIGS. 1-20. Referenceshould be made to the description above in connection with FIGS. 1-20for additional information regarding the structure and features, andpossible alternatives to the structure and features of the fluiddispenser 410 illustrated in FIGS. 21-28 and described below. Featuresand elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 21-28 corresponding to featuresand elements in the embodiments described above in connection with ofFIGS. 1-20 are numbered in the 400 series of reference numbers.

As described above, in some embodiments it is desirable for a user tofill the bottle 415 with a fluid to be dispensed. The fluid dispenser410 illustrated in FIGS. 21-28 is adapted to be filled through areleasable fluid connection between a fluid source (e.g., refill pouch466 or other reservoir of fluid) and the fluid dispenser 410. Withreference first to FIGS. 21 and 22, the illustrated fluid dispenser 410is shown in different stages of engagement between portions of a fluidcoupling 456, 458 establishing fluid communication between the fluiddispenser 410 and the refill pouch 466. It should be noted that thiscoupling structure can be used in conjunction with any of the fluiddispenser embodiments described and/or illustrated herein.

With continued reference to FIG. 21, the fluid coupling 456, 458 isshown in a completely engaged state in which fluid communication betweenthe refill pouch 466 and fluid dispenser 410 is established, whereas inFIG. 22, the fluid coupling member 456, 458 is shown in a partiallyengaged state in which such fluid communication is not established. Theillustrated fluid coupling 456, 458 is connectable and disconnectable intwo stages. In a first stage, one portion 458 of the fluid coupling(e.g., a male portion 458 as best shown in FIG. 23) is fully engagedwith another portion 456 (e.g., a female portion 456), and a cam 457 isin a first rotational position as shown in FIG. 21. In a second stage,the cam 457 is rotated to another rotational position in which thecoupling portions 456, 458 are at least partially disengaged from oneanother as shown in FIG. 22. It should be noted that in otherembodiments utilizing male and female coupling portions, the locationsof the male and female coupling portions can be reversed from thepositions shown in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 21-28.

In order to disconnect the coupling portions 456, 458 in the illustratedembodiment, a user rotates the cam 457 (e.g., by depressing a leverportion of the cam 457) from the position shown in FIG. 21 to theposition shown in FIG. 22, thereby camming a portion of the cam 457against a surface of the first portion 456 of the coupling, therebyforcing the coupling portions 456, 458 apart from one another. In someembodiments, the resulting separated position partially disengages amale portion 458 of the coupling from a female portion 456 of thecoupling, permitting any residual fluid in the vicinity of the coupling456, 458 to drain into the dispenser 410 rather than escaping from thecoupling 456, 458 and potentially dripping on the user or in thesurrounding environment. A user can then pull the portions 456, 458 ofthe coupling apart to complete separation of the fluid dispenser 410.Although the cam 457 in the illustrated embodiment is shown rotatablyattached to the fluid dispenser 410, in other embodiments the cam 457 isrotatably attached to that portion 456 of the fluid coupling associatedwith the refill pouch 466 or other fluid source, or to any otherelements to which the fluid dispenser 410 is releasably coupled forfilling the fluid dispenser 410.

As shown in FIGS. 21-25, the coupling 456, 458 enables the fluiddispenser 410 to be releasably engaged with the refill pouch 466,thereby directing fluid from the refill pouch 466 into the fluiddispenser 410 when the coupling 456, 458 is fully engaged with the fluiddispenser 410. The illustrated refill pouch 466 is a flexible bag, suchthat when fluid is transferred into the fluid dispenser 410, the refillpouch 466 collapses. In other non-illustrated embodiments, the source offluid can be a bag-in-box, a rigid bottle or other suitable fluidreservoir for holding a quantity of fluid. Further information regardingthe coupling 456, 458 and refill pouch 466 shown in the illustratedembodiment (and alternative embodiment information regarding the same)is provided in U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,379, which is incorporated herein byreference insofar as it relates to fluid couplings and refill pouches.

With reference now to FIGS. 23-25 the illustrated pump body 422 includesa handle 425 graspable by a user, and a collar 426. The handle 425 cantake any of the forms described above in connection with the illustratedembodiments of FIGS. 1-20. The collar 426 engages piston 435(illustrated in FIGS. 26-28), and will be described in move detailbelow.

In some embodiments, the fluid dispenser 410 is provided with one ormore apertures through which air or other gasses within the fluiddispenser (e.g., within the bottle 415) can exit the fluid dispenser 410as the fluid dispenser 410 is filled with fluid. Such aperture(s)therefore act as vents, and can be located anywhere in the fluiddispenser 410, such as in a top portion of the bottle 415, in the pumpbody 422, and the like. By way of example only, a single ventingaperture 417 is located in the pump body 422 in the illustratedembodiment of FIGS. 21-28.

After filling operations have been performed, it is desirable in someembodiments to prevent the escape of fluid from the fluid dispenser 410through any venting apertures, such as by plugging or otherwise closingsuch apertures. With reference again to the illustrated embodiment ofFIGS. 21-28, a plug 413 projects adjacent the cam 457, and is movableinto and out of engagement with the aperture 417 in the pump body 422.In some embodiments, the plug 413 is rotatably coupled to the fluiddispenser (e.g., the pump body 422), and is rotatable into and out ofengagement with the aperture 417. For example, the cam 457 and a portionof the coupling 458 in the illustrated embodiment are pivotable about anaxis 419 to insert the plug 413 into the aperture 417, and thus toinhibit fluid from spilling from the fluid dispenser 410 even if thefluid dispenser 410 is turned upside-down. In some alternativeembodiments, the aperture 417 is plugged by a stationary plug (notshown) that can be pushed or tuned to close, or can be automaticallyclosed by a floating valve, whereas in other embodiments, the aperture417 does not exist.

The plug 413 can be made from the same or different material as the pumpbody 422. For example, in some embodiments the plug 413 can be made in atwo-shot mold, such that the plug 413 comprises a softer and/or moreresiliently deformable material than the rest of the fluid fittingcoupled to the pump body 422 (and from which the plug 413 extends),thereby providing an improved fluid-tight seal with the aperture 417.

FIG. 24 illustrates the pump body 422 with the cam 457 and the couplingportion 458 removed, exposing an aperture 411 through which fluid flowsinto the fluid dispenser 410 during filling operations.

With reference now to FIG. 25, in some embodiments, the fluid dispenser410 is provided with a one-way valve through which fluid entering thefluid dispenser (e.g., from the refill pouch 466) passes. The use ofsuch a valve can protect against fluid backflow or escape from the fluiddispenser 410. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, a bag valve421 is provided within the pump body 422 generally below the aperture411, and is in fluid communication with the coupling 426, 428. The bagvalve 421 can include a flexible polymer member having two side portionsthat are normally adjacent one another in a closed position of the bagvalve 421. When fluid enters the fluid dispenser 410 through theaperture 411, the bag valve 421 is opened, but in other states isnormally closed. Even if the fluid dispenser 410 is turned upside-down,fluid in the fluid dispenser 410 presses the bag valve 421 shut toinhibit leakage.

Also with reference to FIG. 25, in some embodiments, the fluid dispenser410 is provided with a one-way valve (e.g., a mitral valve in theillustrated embodiment) in or associated with the fluid dispenser spout430. The use of such a valve can protect against fluid dripping from thedispenser spout 430 and/or can prevent air from entering the fluiddispenser 410 through the spout 430. For example, the mitral valve 423in the illustrated embodiment includes a slit that is normally biasedshut, and opens when fluid is dispensed through the spout 430. Inaddition or in lieu of the mitral valve 423, a quantity of foam, such asreticulated foam, can be positioned adjacent the end of spout 430. Thereticulated foam includes openings that can retain fluid to inhibitleakage and to keep the pump of the fluid dispenser 410 primed. Thereticulated foam can further decelerate flow through the mitral valve423 to thereby inhibit lateral or stray fluid squirting action throughthe mitral valve 423. When placed in lieu of or adjacent the mitralvalve 423, the reticulated foam can further decelerate the velocity ofthe flow out of spout 430 to thereby inhibit lateral or stray fluid andsquirting action from spout 430.

After fluid has entered the fluid dispenser 410 (either through theaperture 411 or in any other manner), fluid is eventually drawn into thepump chamber 424 by the piston 435. In some embodiments, fluid is drawninto the pump chamber 424 through a conduit 442. Although the conduit442 can extend downward in a substantially vertical direction as withearlier-described embodiments, the conduit 442 in the illustratedembodiment of FIGS. 21-28 is instead angled diagonally downward from thepump cylinder 485. In this regard, it should be noted that fluid can besupplied to the pump chamber 424 through a substantially verticalconduit or through a conduit extending in an oblique direction (withrespect to a horizontal plane) in any of the fluid dispenser embodimentsdescribed and/or illustrated herein. In those embodiments in which theconduit 442 extends at an oblique angle, the angle can be between 30degrees and 90 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane. For example,in an embodiment that includes a 1.5 L bottle 415, the conduit 442 canbe oriented diagonally downward with respect to a horizontal plane(e.g., see FIG. 25), whereas in an embodiment that includes a 5 L bottle415, the inlet 442 can extend substantially vertically downward. Theconduit 442 can be angled to substantially touch the base of the bottle415 and thereby empty most or all of the liquid from the bottle 415.

As with other embodiments of the present invention, movement of thepiston 435 in an upward direction draws fluid into the pump chamber 424by a resulting suction force generated within the pump chamber 424. Apiston seal 455 on the piston 435 can provide a fluid-tight seal withrespect to the pump cylinder 485 so that this suction force can bemaintained as the piston 435 is moved. It should be noted that the sizeof the piston seal 455 can be selected according to the size of thefluid dispenser 410, pump cylinder 485, and piston 435. For example, forsmaller fluid dispenser embodiments (e.g., 1.5 L bottle embodiments withpumps having a pump chamber capacity of up to about 40 mL) a smallerpiston seal 455 can be used in a liner (not illustrated, but similar toeither insert 170 or insert 270 illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 10) incomparison to a larger piston seal 455 used with an insert in largerfluid dispenser embodiments (e.g., pumps having a pump chamber capacityof up to 75 mL or greater). In those embodiments in which a liner isused as described earlier, the liner can be injection molded and can besealed at both the bottom and top to insure that proper dosing can beobtained without leakage. The liner and a smaller piston seal 455 can beused for smaller shot sizes and can increase the prime reliability anddosage accuracy. The liner can be used with any size bottle.

With reference now to FIG. 26, the illustrated piston seal 455 iscoupled to the piston 435 by a snap fit or other permanent orsemi-permanent connection. In addition to performing thesuction-generating function described above, the piston seal 455 caninhibit fluid leakage from the bottle 415 during transport. In someembodiments, the portion of the piston 435 adjacent the piston seal 455can contact and retain a ball 482 of a one-way valve 437 into engagementwith a valve seat to close the valve, or can otherwise engage and closeany other type of valve used between the bottle 415 and pump chamber424. This closure can further prevent fluid from entering the pumpchamber 424 (and then to other areas of the fluid dispenser 410), andthereby inhibits fluid leakage during transport or when the fluiddispenser 410 is not in use.

FIG. 26 also shows, among other things, the fluid dispenser 410described above, along with the pump body 422, the collar 426, a collarinsert 427, the piston 435, and a pawl 477. The piston 435 is moveableinto and out of the fluid dispenser 410 through the collar 426 andcollar insert 427, whereas the collar 426 and collar insert 427 do notmove with respect to the fluid dispenser 410. The piston 435 includes auser-manipulatable control 440 that is similar to the user-manipulatablecontrol 40 in FIGS. 1 and 2, but can take any of the forms described inany of the embodiments herein. The collar insert 427 supports the pawl477 for rotation about a pin 429, although in other embodiments the pawl477 is rotatably attached to the collar 426 or other portion of thefluid dispenser 410 adjacent the piston 435.

With continued reference to the illustrated embodiment, the pawl 477 isattached adjacent a resilient and deformable support 431 which deformsunder shear loads experienced by the pawl 477 (e.g., when larger forcesare exerted upon the piston 435 by a user). By utilizing a deformablesupport 431 (of the collar insert 427 or collar 426) adjacent the pawl477, excessive loads upon the piston 435 are less likely to shear thepin 429 or to otherwise damage the pawl 477 or the pivotable connectionof the pawl 477. The resilience of the deformable support 431 can biasthe pawl 477 to a neutral or substantially horizontal position to aiddirection reversal as will be described in greater detail below. In someembodiments, first and second deformable supports 431 are positioned onthe respective top and bottom of the pawl 477 to bias the pawl 477 intoa substantially horizontal position.

In some embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 27 by way of example, thecollar insert 427 can support a resiliently deformable stop 433, whichcan take any of the forms described above in connection with theprotrusion 61 of the collar 26 in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4. The stop433 is engagable with the piston 435 such that the stop 433 can deformto permit piston insertion into the dispenser 410 while also inhibitingpiston removal from the collar 426 once inserted.

As described above, fluid dispensers according to some embodiments ofthe present invention utilize a ratchet mechanism (i.e., teethselectively engagable by an adjacent element referred to genericallyherein as a “pawl”) to limit or otherwise control piston movement. Thefluid dispenser 410 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 21-28provides another example of such a ratchet mechanism. With particularreference to FIGS. 26-28, the illustrated piston 435 includes a ratchetmechanism 467 having a number of radially extending teeth 472 and atleast one stop 439A, 439B. As discussed above, the ratchet mechanism 467and stop(s) 439A, 439B can provide dosing control to inhibit under orover-dosing of fluid. A number of features of the ratchet mechanism 467(and alternatives thereto) are similar in many respects to the ratchetmechanism of FIGS. 9-17B. Therefore, only the primary differencesbetween the ratchet mechanism 267 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS.9-17B and the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 21-28 will now bedescribed. For a more complete description of the ratchet mechanism 467and alternatives thereto, reference is hereby made to the descriptionabove regarding embodiments of the present invention in connection withFIGS. 9-17B.

As described above, the pawl 477 in the illustrated embodiment of FIGS.21-28 is rotatable about a pin 429 rather than being resilientlydeformable, although a combination of these features is possible inother embodiments. The illustrated pawl 477 pivots when pushed againstthe teeth 472 of the piston 435. In some embodiments, the pawl 477 hasan elongated teardrop shape, wherein the narrower end of the pawl 477engages the teeth 472 of the piston 435. In other embodiments, the pawl477 can take any other shape capable of performing this function. Theillustrated pawl 477 is biased toward the teeth 472 of the piston 435 bythe resiliently deformable support members 431.

The illustrated stop 439A is generally wedge-shape, and projectsradially from the piston 435 to inhibit movement of the piston 435through the collar insert 427 when the resilient stop 433 engages thestop 439A. In other embodiments, other shapes and forms of the stop 439Acapable of performing this function are possible, and fall within thespirit and scope of the present invention.

FIGS. 27 and 28 show opposite sides of the piston 435 illustrated in theembodiment of FIGS. 21-28. As best shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, the piston435 has first and second stops 439A, 439B and first and second columnsof radially extending teeth 472A, 472B. The first stop 439A ispositioned in line with the resilient stop 433 when the first column ofteeth 472A engage the pawl 477.

The piston 435 illustrated in FIGS. 27 and 28 can be used to dispensetwo different dose sizes of fluid from the fluid dispenser 410. In onerotational position of the piston 435 with respect to the collar 426,collar insert 427, and pawl 477, the piston 435 can be drawn upward afirst distance prior to engagement between the resilient stop 433 andthe first stop 439A, during which time reversal of piston movement isblocked by pawl engagement with teeth of the piston 435. Morespecifically, when the resilient stop 433 abuts the first stop 439A, thepawl 477 is positioned in a first toothless portion 441A of the piston435. As discussed above, the teeth 472 pivot the pawl 477 upward whenthe piston 435 is moved upward, and thus inhibit movement of the piston435 downward until the pawl 477 encounters the first toothless portion441A. The pawl 477 is permitted to rotate back toward a horizontalposition in the first toothless portion 441A, such that the piston 435can be pushed down into the dispenser 410. Therefore, the pawl 477 andthe teeth 472 inhibit partial dosing of fluid during dispensing.

In another rotational position of the piston 435 with respect to thecollar 426, collar insert 427, and pawl 477, the piston 435 can be drawnupward a greater second distance prior to engagement between theresilient stop 433 and the second stop 439B, during which time reversalof piston movement is blocked by pawl engagement with teeth 472B of thepiston 435. More specifically, when the resilient stop 433 abuts thesecond stop 439B, the pawl 477 is positioned in a second toothlessportion 441B of the piston 435. The teeth 472B pivot the pawl 477 upwardwhen the piston 435 is moved upward, and thus inhibit movement of thepiston 435 downward until the pawl 477 encounters the second toothlessportion 441B. The pawl 477 is permitted to rotate back toward ahorizontal position in the second toothless portion 441B, such that thepiston 435 can be pushed down into the dispenser 410. Therefore, thepawl 477 and the teeth 472B inhibit partial dosing of fluid duringdispensing. In some embodiments, the amount of fluid dispensed for eachstroke of the piston 435 in the first rotational position is about1/10th that dispensed for each stroke of the piston 435 in the secondrotational position. It will be appreciated that other ratios arepossible, and fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Further, the stops 433 and 439 and ratchet mechanism 467 inhibitpartial-dosing or over-dosing of fluid during dispensing. Thesecomponents work together to assure proper dosing of fluid for a givenposition of the piston 435.

In some embodiments, the teeth 472A, 472B, toothless portions 441A,441B, and stops 439A, 439B on the piston 435 can be adjusted and or setby coupling one or more elements (e.g., profiled strips, tracks, and thelike) to the piston 435. In some embodiments, these elements are made ofmetal, whereas in other embodiments, these elements are made of plastic,ceramic, or other materials. These elements can be coupled to andremoved from the piston 435 to change the length of travel of the piston435, thereby enabling a single piston 435 to be used for multiple pairsof dosing quantities or by eliminating one track to have differentsingle dosing quantities. In these and other embodiments, the piston 435can be removed and replaced with another piston 435 having a differentshape to define different stroke lengths of the piston 435 to change thequantities of fluid that can be dispensed by actuation of the piston435.

FIGS. 29-33 illustrate yet another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 510according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110, 210, 310, and 410 described above inconnection with FIGS. 1-28. Accordingly, the following descriptionfocuses primarily upon structure and features that are different thanthe embodiments described above in connection with FIGS. 1-28. Referenceshould be made to the description above in connection with FIGS. 1-28for additional information regarding the structure and features, andpossible alternatives to the structure and features of the dispenser 510illustrated in FIGS. 29-33 and described below. Features and elements inthe embodiment of FIGS. 29-33 corresponding to features and elements inthe embodiments described above in connection with of FIGS. 1-28 arenumbered in the 500 series of reference numbers.

FIGS. 29-33 illustrate a fluid dispenser 510 similar in many respects tothe fluid dispenser 410 described above and illustrated in FIGS. 21-28.The illustrated fluid dispenser 510 can be refilled via an arm 559pivotably coupled to the pump body 522 adjacent a spout 530. The end ofthe arm 559 can be inserted into a refill pouch as described above andshown in FIGS. 21, 22 and 25, or into any other compatible fluidcontainer. By way of example, the illustrated arm 559 includes a pair ofextensions 569 that are adapted to unseat a valve (e.g., the ball of aball valve) in the refill container. Similar to the embodiment of FIGS.21-29, the arm 559 and extensions 569 can inhibit leakage of fluidduring refilling.

The fluid dispenser 510 illustrated in FIGS. 29-33 includes a button 571(see FIGS. 29 and 31) to vent air or other gasses from the fluiddispenser 510, such as during filling operations or vent air in afterdispense of fluid from the fluid dispenser 510. The button 571 can beselectively depressed by a user to allow air to flow out of thedispenser 510, but can inhibit fluid leaking out of the fluid dispenser510 when the button 571 is not depressed. The button 571 can be used inconjunction with the aperture 417 of the previous illustratedembodiment, or can be used in place of the aperture 417. In someembodiments, the button 571 can be replaced with a ball valve or athreaded plug.

As with other embodiments described and/or illustrated herein, thepiston 535 can be made of a single piece of material. However, thepiston 535 of the fluid dispenser embodiment shown in FIGS. 29-33includes two primary portions: a first portion 535A that includes auser-manipulatable control 540 and teeth 572A, and a second portion 535Bthat includes locking members 573 that permit insertion of the secondportion 535B into the first portion 535A but inhibit subsequentwithdrawal of the second portion 535B from the first portion 535A.Although two locking members 573 are shown in the embodiment of FIGS.29-33, any number of such locking members 573 having the same or othershapes performing the same function can instead be used. Themulti-portion piston construction in the embodiment of FIGS. 29-33 canprovide advantages for manufacturing, as well as adaptation of thepiston 535 to different fluid dose sizes and numbers.

The piston 535 illustrated in the embodiment of FIGS. 29-33 includesteeth 572A (see FIG. 30) that engage a pawl 577 (see FIG. 33) defined bya portion of a collar insert 527. The pawl 577 permits the piston 535and teeth 572A to move downward into the fluid dispenser 510, butinhibit movement upward out of the fluid dispenser 510 by pawlengagement with the teeth 572A. In contrast, the piston 535 includes asecond set of teeth 572B that can be smaller than teeth 572A, and areangled downward. When the teeth 572B are engaged with a secondary pawl579, the piston 535 is permitted to move upward out of the fluiddispenser 510, but is inhibited from moving downward into the fluiddispenser 510. Therefore, the rotational position of the piston 535shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the piston 535 cannot be pushed in or pulledfrom the fluid dispenser 510. Accordingly, this rotational position ofthe piston 535 is a locked position, and is indicated at 536 in FIG. 30.

In order to unlock and dispense fluid from the fluid dispenser 510, thepiston 535 is rotated via the user-manipulatable control 540 such thatpawl 577 engages axial aperture 562 to dispense a first quantity offluid or axial aperture 563 to dispense a second quantity of fluid. Whenthe piston 535 is pulled in an upward direction, the pawls 577 does notengage teeth 572A, but secondary pawl 579 engages teeth 572B. The axialapertures 562 and 563 are shaped (e.g., curved or having one or morelegs or angled portions) such that the pawl 577 is directed into atoothless portion 541 after the piston 535 is pulled sufficiently in anupward direction to draw in fluid to be dispensed. When the pawl 577 ispositioned in a toothless portion 541, the secondary pawl 579 no longerengages the teeth 572B. Therefore, only one pawl 577, 579 engages teethof the piston 535 at a given time outside of the locked position 536 ofthe piston 535 to inhibit partial dosing.

The fluid dispenser 510 illustrated in FIGS. 29-33 includes a handle 525that is ergonomically shaped to fit the hand of a user. The handle 525can include a thumb grip portion 549, as shown in FIGS. 29, 31 and 32.Other, previously-described embodiments of fluid dispensers can includea similar thumb grip portion, if desired.

FIGS. 34 and 35 illustrate another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 610according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110, 210, 310, 410 and 510 described above inconnection with FIGS. 1-33. Accordingly, the following descriptionfocuses primarily upon structure and features that are different thanthe embodiments described above in connection with FIGS. 1-33. Referenceshould be made to the description above in connection with FIGS. 1-33for additional information regarding the structure and features, andpossible alternatives to the structure and features of the dispenser 610illustrated in FIGS. 34 and 35 and described below. Features andelements in the embodiment of FIGS. 34 and 35 corresponding to featuresand elements in the embodiments described above in connection with ofFIGS. 1-33 are numbered in the 600 series of reference numbers.

The fluid dispenser 610 illustrated in FIGS. 34 and 35 includes a cap612, a bottle 615, a pump 620, a pump body 622, a handle 625, a spout630 and a user-manipulatable control 640. Reference is made to theearlier-described embodiments of the present invention for furtherinformation regarding these elements. The illustrated fluid dispenser610 further includes a refill port 643 positioned on the bottle 615 topermit flow of fluid into the bottle 615 for refilling purposes. Therefill port 643 can have any size desired, and in some embodiments has arelatively large diameter to permit rapid refill of the bottle 615.

The refill port 643 can be closed by a plug, cover, valve or any othersuitable flow inhibiting device. As shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, theillustrated refill port 643 is closed by a knob 647 on the handle 625.In some embodiments, the handle 625 pivots about the cap 612 for thispurpose. In other embodiments, the handle 624 is removable from the cap612 to permit the knob 647 to be inserted into the refill port 643. Inother embodiments, a separate plug, cover, valve or other suitable flowinhibiting device can be coupled to the fluid dispenser 610 and can beengaged with the refill port 643 to selectively permit and inhibit flowof fluid therethrough.

FIG. 36 illustrates another embodiment of a fluid dispenser 710according to the present invention. This embodiment employs much of thesame structure and has many of the same properties as the embodiments ofthe fluid dispensers 10, 110, 210, 310, 410, 510 and 610 described abovein connection with FIGS. 1-35. Accordingly, the following descriptionfocuses primarily upon structure and features that are different thanthe embodiments described above in connection with FIGS. 1-35. Referenceshould be made to the description above in connection with FIGS. 1-35for additional information regarding the structure and features, andpossible alternatives to the structure and features of the dispenser 710illustrated in FIG. 36 and described below. Features and elements in theembodiment of FIG. 36 corresponding to features and elements in theembodiments described above in connection with of FIGS. 1-35 arenumbered in the 700 series of reference numbers.

The fluid dispenser 710 illustrated in FIG. 36 includes a cap 712, abottle 715, a pump 720, a pump body 722, a handle 725, a spout 730, anda user-manipulatable control 740. The handle 725 is shaped to include arefill port 743 thereon. The refill port 743 can be selectively coveredor closed by any of the mechanisms discussed above in connection withany of the other embodiments of the present invention. By way of exampleonly, a refill pouch 766 can include a fluid coupling 756 insertableinto the refill port 743, as illustrated in FIG. 36. The refill pouch766 can be similar to the refill pouch discussed in the embodimentillustrated in FIGS. 21 and 22. A similar refill pouch 766 can also beutilized in connection with the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 34 and35. The coupling member 756 can engage the refill port 743 as alsodiscussed above in connection with FIGS. 21 and 22.

FIGS. 37A-40C illustrate a first alternative pawl mechanism that can beused in connection with any of the fluid dispenser embodiments describedand/or illustrated herein. This alternative pawl mechanism can be usedto prevent or inhibit partial dosing of fluid from any of the fluiddispensers disclosed herein, and is illustrated by way of example only.Other mechanisms can be used to prevent or inhibit partial dosing, andfall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Also, themechanism shown in FIGS. 37A-40C can be utilized in any of theabove-described embodiments either in combination with or in lieu of anyof the other partial dose preventing or inhibiting features.

The pawl mechanism 877 illustrated in FIGS. 37A-40C performs a similarfunction as the protrusions 61, 165, and pawls 277, 477 and 579 toinhibit or prevent dispensing a partial dose from a fluid dispenser. Asused herein and in the appended claims, the term “pawl” is used hereinto refer to any element or device which in at least one state orposition prevents reverse movement of the subject part or structure.

The illustrated pawl 877 includes a first arm 874 and a second arm 876coupled to pivot together about a pin 829. The illustrated pawl 877 iscoupled to a sleeve (such as insert 870), and selectively engages afirst plurality of ratchet teeth 872A and a second plurality of ratchetteeth 872B positioned on a ratchet mechanism 867. The pluralities ofteeth 872A, 872B can be located, for example, on a piston of the fluiddispenser.

A resilient protrusion 881 can be coupled to either or both the firstarm 874 and the second arm 876. Another protrusion 883 can be coupled tothe insert 870, and can engage the resilient protrusion 881 as shown inFIGS. 37A-40C. The protrusion 883 can engage the resilient protrusion881 to bias the first arm 874 and the second arm 876 into engagementwith the respective first and second ratchet teeth 872A, 872B. When theratchet mechanism 867 is moved upward (in the direction of arrow B), thefirst arm 874 engages the first plurality of ratchet teeth 872A as shownin FIG. 37A. When the ratchet mechanism 867 is moved downward (in thedirection of arrow C), the second arm 876 engages the second pluralityof ratchet teeth 872B as shown in FIG. 37B.

FIGS. 38A-38C show the first arm 874 moving over one of the firstplurality of ratchet teeth 872A, as the ratchet mechanism 867 is movedupward in the direction of arrow B. FIG. 38A illustrates the first arm874 in mating engagement with the one of the ratchet teeth 872A. In theillustrated embodiment, an end of the first arm 874 is shaped to matewith the first ratchet teeth 872A, as shown in FIGS. 38A and 38C. Inother embodiments, shapes of the ratchet teeth 872A and the first arm874 are possible, and fall within the spirit and scope of the presentinvention. When the ratchet mechanism 867 is moved in the direction ofarrow B, the resilient protrusion 881 pivots about the pin 829 andpushes against the protrusion 883 to permit the first arm 874 to moveover one of the ratchet teeth 872A, as shown in FIG. 38B. Once the firstarm 874 has passed over the ratchet tooth 872A, the resilient protrusion881 pushes against the protrusion 883 to engage the first arm 874 withthe next ratchet tooth 872A, as shown in FIG. 38C.

FIGS. 39A-39C illustrate the first arm 874 moving over the ratchetmechanism and disengaging from the first plurality of ratchet teeth872A. FIG. 39A shows the first arm 874 after passing over the last ofthe first plurality of ratchet teeth 874, such that the first arm 874engages a ramp 884. As the first aim 874 is further moved upward in thedirection of arrow B, the first arm 874 travels up the ramp 884 and ontoa vertical surface 886, as shown in FIG. 39B. The vertical surface 886is positioned closer to the pin 829 than the ratchet teeth 872A, suchthat the vertical surface 886 pushes against the first arm 874. Theresilient protrusion 881 is pushed against the protrusion 883, and theresilient protrusion 881 flexes to permit the resilient protrusion 881to move past the protrusion 883, as shown in FIG. 39C.

After the resilient protrusion 881 has moved to the other side of theprotrusion 883, the ratchet mechanism 867 can be moved in an oppositedirection, such as downward in the direction of arrow C shown in FIGS.40A-40C. FIG. 40A illustrates the second arm 876 in engagement with oneof the plurality of ratchet teeth 872B, such that an end of the secondarm 876 has a mating profile with a profile of the one of the ratchetteeth 872B. In other embodiments, other profiles of the ratchet teeth872B and the second arm 876 are possible, and fall within the spirit andscope of the present invention. As the ratchet mechanism 867 is moveddownward in the direction of arrow C, the second arm 876 is pivotedaround pin 829 away from the ratchet mechanism 867 by one of the ratchetteeth 872B, and the resilient protrusion 881 is deformed against theprotrusion 883. Once the second arm 876 has passed over the one of theratchet teeth 872B, the resilient protrusion 881 pushes against theprotrusion 883 to engage the second arm 876 with the next ratchet tooth872B, as shown in FIG. 40C. Although not illustrated, the ratchetmechanism 876 includes a ramp and a vertical surface adjacent theratchet teeth 872B, similar to the ramp 884 and the vertical surface 886adjacent the ratchet teeth 872B, to permit the resilient protrusion 881to engage the other side of the protrusion 883, once the ratchetmechanism 876 has traveled a sufficient distance in the direction ofarrow C.

In some embodiments, the position of the ratchet teeth 872A, 872B andthe position of the first and second arms 874, 876 can be reversed, suchthat the ratchet teeth 872A, 872B are coupled to the insert 870 andremain stationary, and the first and second arms 874, 876 are coupled tothe ratchet mechanism 867 and move with the ratchet mechanism 867.

FIGS. 41-44 illustrate a second alternative pawl mechanism that can beused in conjunction with any of the fluid dispenser embodimentsdescribed and/or illustrated herein to prevent or inhibit partialdosing. This second alternative mechanism is illustrated by way ofexample only. Other mechanisms can be used to prevent or inhibit partialdosing, and fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.The mechanism shown in FIGS. 41-44 can be utilized in any of theabove-described embodiments, either in combination with or in lieu ofany of the other partial dose preventing or inhibiting features. Thepawl mechanism 977 illustrated in FIGS. 41-44 performs a similarfunction as the protrusions 61, 165 and pawls 277, 477, 579 and 877 toinhibit or prevent dispensing a partial dose.

The pawl mechanism 977 illustrated in FIGS. 41-44 includes a ratchetmechanism 967 having a first plurality of teeth 972A and a secondplurality of teeth 972B, a ball housing 987, and a ball 988. The ratchetmechanism 967 is moveable with respect to the ball housing 987. The ball988 is positioned between to engage both the ratchet mechanism 967 andthe ball housing 987.

The ball housing 987 includes a recess 989 and a first resilient angledportion 991A and a second resilient angled portion 991B both positionedat least partially within the recess 989. The ball 988 engages the firstresilient angled portion 991A when the ratchet mechanism 967 is movedupward, along arrow D, and the ball 988 engages the second resilientangled portion 991B when the ratchet mechanism 967 is moved downward(not illustrated).

FIG. 42 illustrates the transition between the ball 988 engaging thefirst plurality of teeth 972A and the ball 988 engaging the secondplurality of teeth 982B. The ball housing 987 is not illustrated in FIG.42 to more clearly show the ball 988 and the first and secondpluralities of teeth 982A, 982B. The embodiment illustrated in FIGS.41-44 includes a ridge 992 positioned between the teeth 982A, 982B toretain the ball 991 on one side of the ridge 992 until the ball 991 hasmoved a determined length along the ratchet mechanism 967. After movingthe determined length along the ratchet mechanism 967 the ball 991 movesover a toothless portion 993, which can be substantially planar. Thetoothless portion 993 permits the ball 991 to transfer betweenengagement with the first plurality of teeth 982A and the secondplurality of teeth 982B, as indicated by arrow E and arrow F in FIG. 42.Although not specifically illustrated, at least one other toothlessportion can be positioned at various locations along the ratchetmechanism 967 to permit the ball 988 to transfer between engagement withthe first plurality of teeth 982A and the second plurality of teeth982B.

FIGS. 43A-43D illustrate the ball 988 moving over one of the firstplurality of teeth 972A. The ball 988 is shown in engagement with thefirst resilient angled portion 991A and the ratchet mechanism 967 inFIG. 43A. As the ratchet mechanism 967 is moved upward along arrow D, asshown in FIG. 43B, the one of the plurality of teeth 972A moves the ball988 upward along the first resilient angled portion 991A, in thedirection of arrow G. The one of the plurality of teeth 982A moves theball 988 further upward in the recess 989 along arrow H, as illustratedin FIG. 43C. The ball 988 illustrated in FIG. 43C is adjacent, but notin direct contact with the second resilient angled portion 991B, as theratchet mechanism 967 moves in the direction of arrow D. After the oneof the plurality of teeth 972A passes by the ball 998, the ball 998 ispermitted to fall down against the first resilient angled portion 991Aand an adjacent one of the plurality of teeth 972A in the direction ofarrow I and under the force of gravity, as shown in FIG. 43D. Althoughonly travel in the direction of arrow D is shown and described, travelin a direction opposite of arrow D would inherently operate in much thesame way. At the top or bottom of movement of the ratchet mechanism 967,the ball 988 is moved to engage teeth facing the opposite direction,such as shown in FIG. 42. Therefore, travel in a direction opposite ofarrow D would create engagement between the ball 988, the secondplurality of ratchet teeth 972B and the second resilient angled portion991B and would operate similarly to the operation described above.

FIG. 44 shows the ratchet mechanism 967 pushing against the ball 988 ina direction opposite arrow D, particularly along arrow J. To preventtravel in this direction, the teeth 972A include a flat ridge 994A thatengages the ball 988 and pushes the ball 988 against the first resilientangled portion 991A in the direction of arrow K. The flat ridge 994Athereby prevents movement in the direction of arrow J while the ball 988is in engagement with the first resilient angled portion 991A, as shownin FIG. 44. Although not illustrated, when the ball 988 is engaged withthe second resilient angled portion 991B, a flat ridge 994B (see FIG.41) prevents movement in a direction opposite to the direction oftravel, similar to the flat ridge 994A described above and illustratedin FIG. 44.

In any of the above-described embodiments, two or more quantities offluid can be dispensed from a fluid dispenser. In some embodiments, thetwo quantities can have a ratio of around about 10:1. By way of exampleonly, in a given embodiment, a first dispensed quantity of fluid can beabout 7 mL by moving the piston into the dispenser about 4-5 mm, whereasa second dispensed quantity of fluid can be about 75 mL by moving thepiston into the dispenser about 150 mm. Other quantities, ratios anddistances are also possible, and fall within the spirit and scope of thepresent invention.

It is important to note that fluid can be dispensed from each of thefluid dispensers described and/or illustrated herein without requiring asource of water or other fluid to actuate the dispenser. No workingfluid, nor the velocity, impact, weight, or mass of such a fluid isrequired in operation of the various disclosed fluid dispensers.

In any of the above-described fluid dispenser embodiments, an audibleconfirmation (in addition to the visual confirmation provided by theindicia described above), can be used to indicate to a user and/or tothose in the vicinity of the dispenser 10 the size of the fluid dosebeing dispensed. For example, the audible confirmation could be a shortbeep for smaller dispense sizes and a longer beep for larger dispensesizes, a low beep and a high beep for different dispense sizes, or anumber of clicks (e.g., from piston movement in either directiongenerating sound of the pawl upon one of the disclosed ratchetingmechanisms) corresponding to fluid dispense volume.

In any of the above-described embodiments, a time-delay option can beincluded to inhibit over-dispensing of fluid from the dispenser 10.Time-delay dispenser features are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,163,which is incorporated by reference for the disclosure of such features.

The embodiments described above and illustrated in the figures arepresented by way of example only and are not intended as a limitationupon the concepts and principles of the present invention. As such, itwill be appreciated by one having ordinary skill in the art that variouschanges in the elements and their configuration and arrangement arepossible without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentinvention.

Various features and advantages of the invention are set forth in thefollowing claims.

1. A fluid dispenser for containing and dispensing metered amounts offluid, the fluid dispenser comprising: a reservoir for containing fluid;a chamber positioned substantially within the reservoir for containing aquantity of the fluid; a piston moveable within the chamber to drawfluid into the chamber when the piston is moved in a first directionwith respect to the chamber, and to discharge fluid from the chamberwhen the piston is moved in a second direction opposite the firstdirection; a user-manipulatable control coupled to the piston andmovable to move the piston with respect to the chamber; and a pawlmovable with respect to the piston to selectively permit and inhibitmovement of the piston in at least one of the first and seconddirections.
 2. The fluid dispenser of claim 1, further comprising atleast two teeth releasably engagable with the pawl to selectively permitor inhibit movement of the piston in at least one of the first andsecond directions.
 3. The fluid dispenser of claim 1, wherein the pawlinhibits movement of the piston with respect to the chamber in at leastone of the first and second directions in a first state of the piston,and permits movement of the piston with respect to the chamber inanother of the first and second directions.
 4. The fluid dispenser ofclaim 1, wherein: the piston and chamber collectively define at least aportion of a pump; and the pawl has a rotund cross-sectional shape andis located between the piston and a wall of the pump.
 5. The fluiddispenser of claim 1, further comprising a first stop limiting movementof the piston into the chamber in one of the first and second directionsand a second stop limiting movement of the piston out of the chamber inanother of the first and second directions to move a first volume offluid within the chamber when the piston moves from the first stop tothe second stop, wherein the pawl permits piston movement in the firstdirection between the first stop and the second stop, and inhibitspiston movement in the second direction until the piston reaches thesecond stop.
 6. fluid dispenser of claim 5, wherein the pawl permitsreversal of piston movement upon the piston reaching the second stop. 7.The fluid dispenser of claim 5, wherein the pawl permits reversal ofpiston movement in at least one location along the piston, and limitsreversal of piston movement in other locations along the piston.
 8. Thefluid dispenser of claim 5, further comprising a third stop limitingmovement of the piston into the chamber in one of the first and seconddirections and a second stop limiting movement of the piston out of thechamber in another of the first and second directions to move a secondvolume of fluid within the chamber different in size from the firstvolume when the piston moves from the first stop to the third stop,wherein the pawl permits piston movement in the first direction betweenthe first stop and the third stop, and inhibits piston movement in thesecond direction until the piston reaches the third stop
 9. The fluiddispenser of claim 1, wherein in a first state of the pump, the pistonis limited in movement to a first stoke distance to discharge a firstquantity of fluid from the chamber, and wherein in a second state of thepump, the piston is limited in movement to a second stroke distancedifferent from the first stroke distance to discharge a second quantityof fluid different from the first quantity of fluid.
 10. The fluiddispenser of claim 1, further comprising: a vent through which gas exitsthe fluid dispenser; and a refill port; wherein the refill port ismovable between a first position in which a plug closes the vent, and asecond position in which the vent is open.
 11. The fluid dispenser ofclaim 1, further comprising a protrusion in slidable mating engagementwith respect to a first aperture defined in at least one of the pistonand a wall of the chamber to control movement of the piston with respectto the chamber.
 12. The fluid dispenser of claim 11, wherein theprotrusion is slidable along a second aperture defined in at least oneof the piston and wall of the chamber to control movement of the pistonwith respect to the chamber, and wherein the protrusion is movable toand between the first and second apertures.
 13. The fluid dispenser ofclaim 12, wherein the first and second apertures are in communicationwith one another to permit movement of the protrusion between the firstand second apertures.
 14. The fluid dispenser of claim 12, wherein thefirst and second apertures extend along the piston.
 15. The fluiddispenser of claim 14, wherein the first and second apertures havedifferent lengths.
 16. The fluid dispenser of claim 11, wherein thefirst aperture is defined in a sleeve located adjacent the chamber, andwherein the protrusion is movable with the piston.
 17. The fluiddispenser of claim 15, wherein the sleeve is removable.
 18. The fluiddispenser of claim 11, wherein the first aperture is defined in a platecoupled to the piston, and wherein the protrusion is substantiallystationary with respect to the piston.
 19. The fluid dispenser of claim1, further comprising: a refill port through which fluid can enter thereservoir; and a cam coupled to the refill port and pivotable todifferent position with respect to the refill port.
 20. The fluiddispenser of claim 1, wherein: the chamber and piston at least partiallydefine a pump; and the pawl is pivotably connected to the pump.
 21. Afluid dispenser for containing and dispensing fluid and for refill froma source of fluid, the fluid dispenser comprising: a reservoir forcontaining fluid; a chamber positioned substantially within thereservoir for containing a quantity of the fluid; a piston moveablewithin the chamber to draw fluid into the chamber when the piston ismoved in a first direction with respect to the chamber, and to dischargefluid from the chamber when the piston is moved in a second directionopposite the first direction; a user-manipulatable control operable tomove the piston within the chamber; a cap coupled to the reservoir anddefining a vent establishing fluid communication between an interior andexterior of the reservoir; a valve for selective fluid communicationbetween an interior of the reservoir and the source of fluid, the valvehaving an open position to permit fluid flow therethrough, and a closedposition to inhibit fluid flow therethrough; and a plug coupled to thecap and insertable into the vent to selectively close the ventresponsive to movement of the valve.
 22. The fluid dispenser of claim21, further comprising a bag valve coupled to the cap to permit flow offluid into the reservoir and to inhibit flow out of the reservoirthrough the bag valve.
 23. The fluid dispenser of claim 21, furthercomprising a cam coupled to the cap and moveable from a first positionto a second position to open the valve from a partially-opened positionto a more fully opened position.
 24. The fluid dispenser of claim 23,wherein fluid flow from the source of fluid through the valve isinhibited in the partially-opened position of the valve while permittingfluid to drain from the valve.
 25. The fluid dispenser of claim 21,further comprising a first stop limiting movement of the piston into thechamber in the first direction and second and third stops limitingmovement of the piston in a second direction opposite the firstdirection, wherein the second and third stops limit movement of thepiston in the second direction to different extents.
 26. The fluiddispenser of claim 12, further comprising a pawl movable to selectivelyinhibit movement of the piston in the second direction in at least oneintermediate location between the first and second stops.
 27. The fluiddispenser of claim 26, wherein the pawl also selectively inhibitsmovement of the piston in the second direction in at least oneintermediate location between the first and third stops.
 28. The fluiddispenser of claim 26, wherein movement of the piston is reversible uponthe piston reaching the first, second, and third stops, and is notreversible in ranges of positions intermediate the first, second, andthird stops.
 29. A method of dispensing fluid from a reservoir inmetered quantities, the method comprising: selecting a desired quantityof fluid to be dispensed from the reservoir from a plurality ofquantities; moving a user-manipulatable control to a first of aplurality of positions; moving a piston in a first direction withrespect to a chamber for a first distance corresponding to the desiredquantity of fluid; drawing fluid into the chamber by moving the pistonin the first direction for the first distance; resisting movement of thepiston in a second direction opposite the first direction prior to thefirst distance being reached; moving the piston with respect to thechamber in the second direction; dispensing the desired quantity offluid from the chamber by moving the piston in the second direction. 30.The method of claim 29, further comprising: moving the piston in thesecond direction for a second distance; and resisting movement of thepiston in the first direction prior to the second distance beingreached.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the first and seconddistances are substantially equal.
 32. The method of claim 30, whereinthe first distance is defined at least in part by first and second stopsat the ends of travel of the piston in the first direction.
 33. Themethod of claim 30, wherein the desired quantity of fluid is a firstdesired quantity of fluid, the method further comprising: selecting asecond desired quantity of fluid to be dispensed from the reservoir fromthe plurality of quantities, the first and second desired quantities offluid being different from one another; moving the user-manipulatablecontrol to a third of the plurality of positions; moving the piston inthe first direction with respect to a chamber for a second distancecorresponding to the second desired quantity of fluid; drawing fluidinto the chamber by moving the piston in the first direction for thesecond distance; resisting movement of the piston in the seconddirection opposite the first direction prior to the second distancebeing reached; moving the piston with respect to the chamber in thesecond direction; and dispensing the second desired quantity of fluidfrom the chamber by moving the piston in the second direction.
 34. Themethod of claim 29, wherein moving the user-manipulatable controlincludes rotating the user-manipulatable control.
 35. The method ofclaim 34, further comprising rotating the piston by rotating theuser-manipulatable control.
 36. The method of claim 29, whereinresisting movement of the piston comprises resisting movement of thepiston with a pawl.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the pawl ispivotably coupled about an axis that is substantially stationary withrespect to the reservoir.
 38. The method of claim 36, further comprisingmoving the pawl with the piston when moving the piston in at least oneof the first and second directions.
 39. The method of claim 36, furthercomprising moving the pawl across a plurality of teeth when moving thepiston in at least one of the first and second directions.
 40. Themethod of claim 36, further comprising rolling the pawl across a surfacewhen moving the piston in at least one of the first and seconddirections.